Barefoot and Minimalist Shoe
Peer-reviewed Empirical Research
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Barefoot Running University is founded on
the principle that barefoot and minimalist shoe running should
be based on peer-reviewed empirical research. As such, we
firmly support all efforts to investigate both the benefits and
limitations of barefoot and minimalist shoe running.
Listed below is one of the world's largest collections of
research pertaining to barefoot and minimalist shoe running.
If you have research you would like to add, please contact Jason
Robillard at
barefootchronicles@gmail.com.
Thank you to Tamara Gerken for discovering many of the following
resources!
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Arnadottir, S.A., Mercer, V.S. (2000). Effects of
Footwear on Measurements of Balance and Gait in Women Between the Ages
of 65 and 93 Years. Physical
Therapy, 80(1),
17-27.
Bergmann G,
Kniggendorf H, Graichen F, Rohlmann A (1995). Influence of shoes and
heel strike on the loading of the hip joint.
Journal of Biomechanics 28,
817-827
Burge, C.
(2001). Comments on Barefoot Running.
Sportscience 5(3).
Burkett, L.N.,
Kohrt, M., Buchbinder, R. (1985). Effects of shoes and foot orthotics on
VO2 and selected frontal plane kinematics.
Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise 17, 158-163
Clarke, T.E.,
Frederick, E.C., Cooper, L.B. (1983). Effects of shoe cushioning upon
ground reaction forces in running.
International Journal of Sports
Medicine 4, 247-251.
Clinghan,
R.J., Arnold, G.P., Cochrane, L.A., Abboud, R.J. (2008). Do you get
value for money when you buy an expensive pair of running shoes?.
British Journal of Sports
Medicine, 42, 189-193.
Craig R.,
Parker J., & Callister R. (2008). Is your prescription of distance
running shoes evidence based?.
British Journal of Sports Medicine. Published Online First: 18 April
2008.
Crevier, L.M.
(2009). Running barefoot: A natural step for reducing injuries?.
The Journal of Muskuloskeletal
Medicine. 26(7).
De Clecq, D.,
Aerts, P. (1994). The mechanical characteristics of the human heel pad
during foot strike in running: An in vivo cineradiographic study.
Journal of Biomechanics,
Volume 27, Issue 10, Pages 1213-1222.
De Cock, A.,
Vanrenterghem, J., Willems, T., Witvrouw, D., De Clecq, D. (2008). The
trajectory of the centre of pressure during barefoot running as a
potential measure for foot function.
Gait & Posture, Volume 27,
Issue 4, Pages 669-675.
Djulbegovic B,
Lacevic M, Cantor A, Fields KK, Bennett CL, Adams JR, Kuderer NM (2000).
The uncertainty principle and industry-sponsored research.
Lancet 356, 635-638.
Flaherty RF
(1994). Running economy and kinematic differences among running with the
foot shod, with the foot bare, and with the bare foot equated for
weight. Microform Publications, International Institute for Sport and
Human Performance, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
Frederick EC
(1986). Kinematically mediated effects of sports shoe design: a review.
Journal of Sports Sciences 4,
169-184
Froncioni, J. (2006, August 22). Athletic footwear
and running injuries. Article posted to
http://www.quickswood.com/my_weblog/2006/08/athletic_footwe.html
Hamill, J. &
Bates, B.T. (1988). A kinetic evaluation of the Effects of in vito
loading on running shoes. Journal
of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 10(2): 47-53.
Hart, P.M.,
Smith, D.R. (2008). Preventing running injuries through barefoot
activity: sometimes “dressing out” means not putting on your shoes.
The Journal of Physical
Education, Recreation, and Dance. 79(4): 50-54.
Hoffman, M.D.
(1905). Conclusions drawn from a comparative study of the feet of
barefooted and shoe wearing peoples.
American Journal of Orthopedic
Surgery, 3(2).
Kerrigan,
D.C., et.al. (2009). The effect of running shoes on lower extremity
joint torques. Physical Medicine
and Rehabilitation, 1(12). 1058-1063.
Kirn, T.F. (2009). Running injuries not reduced by
gradual training. Internal
Medicine News. FindArticles.com. 18 Dec, 2009.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4365/is_6_41/ai_n29433090/
Lieberman, D.E., et. al. (2010). Foot strike and collision forces in
habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature 463, 531-535.
Marti, B. (1998). Relationships between running
injuries and running shoes- results of a study of 5,000 participants of
a 16km run. The Shoe in Sport.
Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers. 256-265.
Morieux, D.C.,
Freychat, P., Baly, L., Mayer, F., Belli, A. (2008). Barefoot-shod
running differences: shoe or mass effect?.
International Journal of Sports
Medicine, 29(6).
Rao, U.B. &
and Joseph, B. (1992). The Influence of Footwear on the prevalence of
flat foot. The Journal of Bone
and Joint Surgery, 74B(4), 525-527.
Richards,
C.E., Magin, P.J., & Callister, R. (2008). Is your prescription of
distance running shoes evidence based?.
British Journal of Sports
Medicine. 43, 159-162.
Robbins, S. &
Waked, E. (1997). Hazards of deceptive advertising of athletic footwear.
British Journal of Sports
Medicine, 31, 299-303.
Robbins, S.E.,
& Hanna, A.M. (1987). Running-related injury prevention through barefoot
adaptations. Medicine and Science
in Sports and Exercise, 19(2), 148-156.
Robbins, S.E.,
Gouw, G.J., & Hanna, A.M. (1987). Running-related injury prevention
through innate impact-moderating behavior.
Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise, 21(2), 130-139.
Robbins, S.E.,
Hanna, A.M., & Gouw, G. J. (1988) Overload protection: avoidance
response to heavy plantar surface loading.
Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise, 20(1), 85-92.
Robbins SE,
Gouw GJ, Hanna AM (1989). Running-related injury prevention through
innate impact-moderating behavior.
Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise 21, 130-139
Robbins, S.E.
& Gouw, G.J. (1990). Athletic footwear and chronic overloading.
Sports Medicine, 9(2), 76-85.
Robbins, S.E.
& Gouw, G.J. (1991). Athletic footwear: unsafe due to perceptual
illusions. Medicine and Science
in Sports and Exercise, 23(2), 217-224.
Robbins, S.E.,
Gouw, G.J., McClaran, J., & Waked, E. (1993). Protective sensation of
the plantar aspect of the foot.
Foot & Ankle, 14(6), 347-352.
Robbins, S.E.,
Waked, E., and Rappel, R.. (1993). Ankle taping improves proprioception
before and after exercise in young men.
British Journal of Sports
Medicine, 29(4), 242-247.
Robbins S,
Waked E (1997). Hazards of deceptive advertising of athletic footwear.
British Journal of Sports
Medicine 31, 299-303.
Rome, K.,
Hancock, D., Poratt, D. (2008). Barefoot running and walking: the pros
and cons based on current evidence.
The New Zealand Medical Journal,
121.
Shulman, S.B (1949). Survey in China and India of
feet that have never worn shoes.
The Journal of the National Association of Chiropodists, 49, 26-30.
Squadrone, R.,
Gallozzi, C. (2009). Biomechanical and physiological comparison of
barefoot and two shod conditions in experienced barefoot runners.
The Journal of Sports Medicine
and Physical Fitness, 49(1), 6-13.
Stacoff, A.,
Steger, J., Stüssi, E., & Reinschmidt, C. (1996). Lateral stability in
sideward cutting movements.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(3), 350-358.
Stefanyshyn
DJ, Nigg BM (2000). Influence of midsole bending stiffness on joint
energy and jump height performance.
Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise 32, 471-476
Stewart, S.F.
(1972). Footgear-- Its History, Uses and Abuses.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related
Research, 88, 119-130.
Vormittag, K.,
Calonje, R. Briner, W.W. (2009). Foot and ankle injuries in the barefoot
sport. Current Sports Medicine
Reports, 8(5), 262-266.
Waddington,
G., Adams, R. (2003). Football boot insoles and sensitivity to extent of
ankle inversion movement. British
Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 170-175.
Warburton, M.
(2001). Barefoot Running.
Sportscience 5(3).
Zipfel, B. &
Berger, L.R. (2007). Shod versus unshod: The emergence of forefoot
pathology in modern humans?. The
Foot, 17, 205 – 213.
